What is the functional unit of the kidney?

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons, which are the microscopic structures responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine.

The nephron consists of several different parts, including the renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct. The renal corpuscle, consisting of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, is responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products. The filtrate then moves through the various parts of the nephron, where important substances such as water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and waste products are excreted.

The nephron plays a crucial role in regulating the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as maintaining proper blood pressure and pH levels. Dysfunction of the nephron can lead to conditions such as kidney disease or failure.